Which contract term means the owner bears the costs of both loading and discharging?

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Multiple Choice

Which contract term means the owner bears the costs of both loading and discharging?

Explanation:
The main idea is who pays for handling at the port of loading and the port of discharge. In this context, “in” is loading onto the vessel and “out” is discharging from it. When the term uses the liner (linear) form for both in and out, it assigns the costs and responsibility for both loading and discharging to the owner (the carrier). That’s why this option is the best choice—it clearly indicates the owner bears both sets of costs. Other terms mix who pays for one or both operations, so they don’t consistently place the burden on the owner for both loading and discharging.

The main idea is who pays for handling at the port of loading and the port of discharge. In this context, “in” is loading onto the vessel and “out” is discharging from it. When the term uses the liner (linear) form for both in and out, it assigns the costs and responsibility for both loading and discharging to the owner (the carrier). That’s why this option is the best choice—it clearly indicates the owner bears both sets of costs. Other terms mix who pays for one or both operations, so they don’t consistently place the burden on the owner for both loading and discharging.

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